The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 8. Using the hospital anxiety and depression scale to screen for depression in cardiac patients. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a brief selfreporting twodimensional questionnaire developed to screen for levels of anxiety and depression among patients in a general hospital setting. In a crosssectional study, the hadsd and the bdi were applied to patients undergoing spine surgery for lumbar n9 or cervical spondylosis n17. For the twofactor model proposed by zigmond and snaith 1, satisfactory levels of cronbachs alphas. Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The translation and evaluation of an urdu version of the hospital anxiety and depression. Feasibility of using arabic hospital anxiety and depression scale hads to assess anxiety and depression among patients attending. To evaluate the accuracy of the depression subscale of hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd in spine surgery, comparing it to beck depression inventory bdi. While there are several normative studies in europe, latin american normative values are missing. See online supplementary file 3 for a preliminary prisma flow of studies figure. The hospital anxiety and depression had scale developed by zigmond and snaith 6 for the screening of psychological problems is short and simple, and has been found to be valid in the general.
However, uk normative data from hads remain limited. Anxiety depression summary the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. Anxiety and depression in the general population in. The depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads d is the most commonly used screening tool in medically ill patients. The hads hospital anxiety and depression scale aims to measure symptoms of anxiety hads anxiety and depression hads depression. The identification of people with mental distress requires norms obtained for the specific country. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics.
Psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and. Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. General practitioners gps diagnostic skills lead to underidentification of generalized anxiety disorders gad and major depressive episodes mde. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a valid. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale researchgate. Hospital anxiety and depression scale the hads is a selfadministered scale consisting of 14 items split across anxiety and depression subscales, each with a fourpoint ordinal response format. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used in several languages to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. This article examines whether these problems could be due to the construction of the. Pdf the chinese version of hospital anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads questionnaire. The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity of each disorder, with each containing seven questions. It is composed of two 7item subscales hadsd and hadsa for depression and anxiety, resp.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a frequently used selfrating scale developed to assess psychological distress in nonpsychiatric patients. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hassan ha, suriya mo, alaseri za, hasan m, khalid n, sheikh sa. Factor analyses of the hospital anxiety and depression. One such instrument is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 4. Feasibility of using arabic hospital anxiety and depression scale hads to assess anxiety and depression among patients attending accident and emergency at a university hospital setting in riyadh, saudi arabia. An ivr version of the scale is available from healthcare technology systems. Read each item and circle the reply which comes closest to. Nov 03, 2015 generalized anxiety disorder understanding the nature of worry and anxiety duration. Validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with patients with noncardiac chest pain. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally designed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 as a short, easytouse, 14item screening tool for depression and anxiety symptoms in the hospital outpatient setting.
Doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. Poor efficacy of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in the diagnosis of major depressive disorder in both medical and psychiatric patients. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. The hads is widely used but has shown ambiguous results both regarding the factor structure and sex differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale is a two dimension scale developed to identify. Loadings on the component that they belong to are in bold format in table. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. The hads questionnaire is pertinent for detecting symptoms of anxiety.
This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. Aug 01, 2003 the hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. The objectives of this study were to present some psychometric properties of the hads on a large sample of french employees. Participants were interrogated regarding the following. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally designed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 as a short, easytouse, 14item screening tool for depression and anxiety symptoms in the. Depression and anxiety in rheumatoid arthritis full text. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care. Reliability and validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the beck depression inventory full and fastscreen scales in detecting depression in persons with hepatitis c. Below are the links to the authors original submitted files for images. Using the hospital anxiety and depression scale in surgical. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine. Diagnostic accuracy of the depression subscale of the hospital. The hospital anxiety and depression scale guidance and information about testwise testwise is the powerful online testing platform developed by gl assessment to host its digital tests.
Depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression. The hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith as a screening tool to capture clinically significant states of anxiety. The beauty of the hads score is its simplicity, speed and ease. The hospital anxiety and depression scale zigmond 1983. Accuracy of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Supplement of brief questionnaires could improve the diagnostic accuracy of gps for these common mental disorders. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and. It is used extensively in france, but has never been the. Problems in crosscultural use of the hospital anxiety and. Objective the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used to screen for anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale rehabmeasures database. Anxiety and depression in the general population in colombia. The hads was administered to 521 participants 275 controls and 246 inpatients and outpatients of the internal medicine and surgical departments in attikon general hospital in athens.
Its purpose is to provide clinicians with an acceptable, reliable, valid and easy to use practical tool for identifying and quantifying depression and anxiety. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. One of the most widely used measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms in general medical settings, the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 912, is also used commonly in critical illness. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi ety in the setting of an. The aims of this study were to examine the usefulness of the hospital anxiety and depression rating scale hads for gps by. Other than physically ill individuals, the hads is also used with community. A copy of the hospital anxiety and depression had sca. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders. The hads is a 14item, 4point selfreport likert scale assessing anxiety and depression symptoms. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in. Read online hospital anxiety and depression scale hads book pdf free download link book now. Hospital anxiety and depression scale manual 2019 natural.
The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in. Additional references maier w, buller r, philipp m, heuser i. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version hads. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the. Generalized anxiety disorder understanding the nature of worry and anxiety duration. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads pdf book. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads please check you.
The evidence for construct validity of hads, however. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. The objective of this study was to generate normative values and to test psychometric properties of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads for the general population of. Feasibility of using arabic hospital anxiety and depression. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression anxiety scale non doubtful scale non. Hads hospital anxiety and depression scale youtube. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. How do i interpret the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in adult populations. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in both research and clinical contexts. The term people who may have depression includes all people with a chronic physical health problem who may have depression. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads acts as one of the most frequently used selfreported measures in cancer practice. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads detects states of anxiety and depression in an adult population. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used widely with cardiovascular. The following is a list of widely available, validated depression screening tools.
Use of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in. Full text the hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with. Using the hospital anxiety and depression scale in. The hads questionnaire was given to salaried employees at 19 major french. Kuijpers pm, denollet j, lousberg r, wellens hj, crijns h.
Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population. Many of gl assessments tests are educational and as such, testwise is used to deliver online educational assessments to over 500,000 children a year. This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. A large literature is citable in support of its validity, but difficulties are increasingly being identified, such as inexplicably discrepant optimal cutpoints and inconsistent factorstructures. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. Hospital anxiety and depression scale free pdf ebook. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icf.
Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. Tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the. To reduce the risk of a false positive bias, the scale does not assess symptoms of anxiety and depression related to. The objective of this study was to generate normative values and to test psychometric properties of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads for the general population of colombia. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads instructions. The use of tools such as the hospital anxiety and depression scale allow staff to identify and monitor anxiety and depression in patients in a busy preoperative setting. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hadsa and a depression subscale hadsd both containing seven intermingled items.